2) What is optical axis? Name uniaxial and biaxial crystals?
Ans: An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optical system such as a camera lens or microscope. The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system.
- Crystal belonging to the Tetragonal, Hexagonal and Trigonal system has only one optic axis, parallel to the crystallographic "C" axis direction, and is known as uniaxial gemstones
- Crystals belonging to the Orthorhombic, Monoclinic and Triclinic systems, have two directions of single refraction i.e. two optic axis and hence these crystals are termed biaxial gemstones
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